Ask UEFL - Batter Interferes with Uncaught Third Strike

In this Ask the UEFL play from a UConn-Virginia NCAA baseball game, we look at a batter who inadvertently kicks an uncaught third strike, whether that qualifies as interference, and, if so, what the call should be for any runners attempting to steal during the play.

The Play begins with one out, a runner on first (R1), and a 2-2 count on the batter from the University of Connecticut. With R1 running on the pitch, the batter swings and misses on a pitch that winds up in the dirt and, as it bounces in front of the catcher, the batter begins running toward first base. While still in the batter's box, the batter's left foot inadvertently kicks the ball as the catcher tries to retrieve it; the runner slides into second base ahead of the tag.

The Call: With less than two out and first base occupied to begin the play, our HP Umpire emphatically gestures that the batter is out while the 2B Umpire calls the runner safe for having slid into the base before the tag. The result of the play is two out, R2.

The Rule: Even though the pitch resulted in an uncaught third strike, the batter is out because first base was occupied at the beginning of the play with less than two out (Official Baseball Rule 5.09(a)(3) ["batter is out when—a third strike is not caught by the catcher when first base is occupied before two are out"] / NCAA 7-11-g ["a third strike is not caught, provided a runner occupies first base and there is not more than one out"] / NFHS 7.4.1.b ["a third strike is not caught, provided a runner occupies first base and there are less than two out"]).

But what of the batter's unintentional, inadvertent kick of the loose ball?

NCAA Baseball released a series of "Major Rules Changes" prior to the 2021 season; "Batter interference - dropped third strike" is one of them. The new note for NCAA Rule 7-11-h states that "After a third strike that is not caught by the catcher and the batter-runner clearly hinders the catcher in the catcher's attempt to field the ball, the batter-runner is out, the ball is dead, and all other runners return to the bases they occupied at the time of the pitch regardless of the number of outs. If the pitched ball deflects off the catcher or umpire and subsequently touches the batter-runner, it is not considered interference unless, in the judgment of the umpire, the batter-runer clearly hinders the catcher in their attempt to field the ball, regardless the number of outs."

One thing that is important to note here is that the batter, by virtue of being out pursuant to NCAA 7-11-g, is not a batter-runner...but does that change things?

Rule 6-3-b relates squarely to the batter: "The ball becomes dead and base runners return when—The batter interferes with the catcher’s fielding or throwing by stepping out of the batter's box or making any other movement that hinders the catcher's play at home base."

Which sounds like the batter is out and R1 returns, right? Well, not so fast, as we continue reading into 6-3-b: "PENALTIES for b.—(2) If the batter strikes out, the runner is also out."

This is corroborated by NCAA Rule 7-11-f-EXCEPTION-3, which states in the case of a batter intentionally or unintentionally interfering with the catcher's fielding or throwing ("making any other movement that hinders a defensive player's action at home plate"), "If the batter also should strike out on the play, it is a double play."

Ruling: The batter is out on an uncaught third strike with first base occupied and less than two out. R1 is also out, for the batter having struck out because now the interference on a dropped third strike is no longer by a batter-runner, but by a retired batter. The batter cannot be doubly out for the uncaught third strike with first base occupied and less than two out AND for interference, so the interference puts out the runner attempting to steal, R1.

Video as follows:

Ask UEFL - Runner Tagged Out After Base on Balls?

Saturday's Clemson-South Carolina NCAA baseball game prompted an Ask the UEFL feature when 2B Umpire Scott Kennedy ruled Tigers baserunner Dylan Brewer out at second base during a base-on-balls play: the correct call, despite the walk's associated base award.

Our analysis of this play begins with reference to precedent, a similar 2017 play in Seattle we turned into a Case Play at the time. The situation was remarkably identical: none out, one on (R1) running with the pitch, and a 3-2 count on the batter. In both situations, the defense attempts to retire R1 as the catcher throws to second as the plate umpire rules the pitch ball four.

During the Seattle sequence, 2B Umpire Laz Diaz presided over Mariners baserunner Jean Segura's arrival, who like Brewer was a runner on first base running on a 3-2 count, ruled ball four by HP Umpire Cory Blaser and affirmed as "no swing" by 1B Umpire Jeff Nelson. Just as with Clemson's Brewer, Segura runs past second base, but unlike SCar-Clemson's Kennedy, 2B Umpire Diaz does not declare Segura out.

The reason Diaz no-called Seattle's play while Kennedy called Clemson's runner out is actually quite simple: In the Clemson game, the defense clearly tagged the runner while the runner was both off his base and after the runner had already passed second base; in Seattle, Astros second baseman Jose Altuve did not actually tag Segura past second base despite Segura being clearly off his base: this is not abandonment at this point (Segura did eventually return to second base, after all), and, with no continued tag attempt, this is not an out of the base path call either.

Related Post: Case Play 2017-2 - Stealing an Extended Walk [Solved] (4/11/17).

Instead, we rely on plain old Official Baseball Rule 5.09(b)(4) ("any runner is out when—he is tagged, when the ball is alive, while off his base"). The NCAA equivalent is 8-5-i and the only difference between the OBR and NCAA language is that college's rule is gender-inclusive: "The individual is touched by the ball (when not dead) securely held in the hand or glove of a fielder while the runner is not touching the base."

That said, we know that a runner is protected from liability to be put out on a base award, such as a walk (OBR 5.05(b)(1) / NCAA 2-2, 8-2-b), so the tag of Brewer's helmet is rather meaningless: ball four precludes the stolen base attempt and turns it into a base award. Instead, the question becomes at what point at or around the awarded base does the runner lose their "without liability to be put out" protection?

For instance, OBR 5.05(b)(1) Comment states, "If, in advancing, the base runner thinks there is a play and he slides past the base before or after touching it he may be put out by the fielder tagging him." So what does "past" actually mean?

The answer, it turns out, is found in the MLB Umpire Manual for "passing a base" which is a view shared by college: "A runner is considered to have passed a base if he has both feet on the ground beyond the back edge of the base or beyond the edge of the base in the direction to which he is advancing." Also see the linked article regarding Past or Prior for an in-depth discussion of the rationale and ramifications of this rule/interpretation.

NCAA's inclusive language in 8-6-a-3 is as follows: "A runner is considered to have passed a base if the player has both feet on the ground beyond the back edge of the base or beyond the edge of the base in the direction in which the player is advancing." Both OBR and NCAA use the same diagram regarding prior/past: they agree on the rule.

Related Post: Past or Prior - Deciding When a Runner Has Passed a Base (7/1/17).

Putting it all together, we determine that Clemson R1 Brewer passed second base and, thus, lost his protection from liability to be put out while off of the base. As such, as soon as he was tagged while off his base, 2B Umpire Kennedy was proper in both keeping play alive and in his declaration of "out" notwithstanding the 3B Coach's distraction at third base.

Accordingly, refrain from prematurely calling "Time" during a non-HBP base on balls sequence. NCAA's guide on this is delineated by Rule 6-1-Note 2, which states, "The umpire shall not call time until a play has been completed. After a base on balls, the umpire shall not call time until the runner has stopped at first base."

Video as follows:

MLB Promotes Veteran Umpire Mark Carlson to Crew Chief

Major League Baseball promoted veteran umpire Mark Carlson to the role of Crew Chief ahead of its 2021 season, filling the vacancy created by Mike Winters' retirement. Having most recently officiated the 2020 World Series, including a Game 7 plate assignment had the series gone the distance, Carlson takes 22 years of big league games and a healthy dose of regular season interim crew chief experience with him to his new supervisory role.

Named one of seven interim crew chiefs for MLB's COVID-modified 2020 season alongside Laz Diaz, Angel Hernandez, Marvin Hudson, Ron Kulpa, Paul Nauert, and Bill Welke, the Illinois-born Carlson was the only umpire of the group to serve as a Crew Chief for the Division Series round of the 2020 postseason (Diaz, Hernandez, Hudson, and Kulpa all officiated the Division Series, but only Carlson served as a crew chief [he was Hudson's chief for ALDS Series A: Tampa vs New York]).

Related Post: MLB Names 7 Interim Crew Chiefs for 2020 (7/23/20).

Carlson's regular season umpiring crew for 2021 is slated to include James Hoye, Jordan Baker, and Chris Segal, but due to pandemic-related restrictions, crews may begin the season regionally, which might alter league-wide crew composition.

Angel Hernandez Trends on Day 1 of Spring as Sports Toxicity Returns to 2021 Season

Umpire Angel Hernandez trended on Twitter on Day 1 of Spring Training, receiving a flurry of vitriol and criticism after St. Louis Cardinals broadcaster Dan McLaughlin took issue with a ball/strike call that turned out to be correct, according to the computerized graphical strike zone the media generally enjoys referring to when an umpire's call is at odds with a team's preference.

The controversial call occurred during the top of the 1st inning of St. Louis' game against the Washington Nationals when Hernandez ruled a 1-1 pitch from Jack Flaherty low for ball two, a call that appeared to be supported by computerized graphics in use by MLB's own website.

AH called Pitch #3 a ball.

Nonetheless, Hernandez's correct call elicited a barrage of personal tweets from baseball fandom attacking the veteran umpire—in the top of the first inning, of the first game of spring.

As we have noted time and time again using the article label "Umpire Abuse," the sports world suffers from severe issues, including a harmful cultural attitude toward its officials.

In Hernandez's case, the existence of a lawsuit filed against Major League Baseball alleging discrimination based on race and national origin complicates matters in a way that compounds the abuse he, as an umpire, receives.

For instance, the consequence and character of Hernandez's pitch call in the first inning Sunday—very likely his first borderline call of 2021—in no way corresponded to the level of backlash he received (online...in the stadium, there was no such negative reaction). In other words, Hernandez's history influenced what occurred virtually, and largely for reasons previously discussed.

Hernandez, through his audacity in attempting to challenge a potentially oppressive system that sees a tremendous underrepresentation of Latino umpires relative to players (27% Latino players / 5% Latino umpires at the time of Hernandez's 2017 filing), or Crew Chiefs outright (0% Latino crew chiefs at the time of his filing), has drawn the scorn of a sports world not ready to reconcile a potentially uncomfortable reality that marginalization exists.

And for the crime of standing up for himself, it hardly comes as a surprise that Hernandez remains a favorite target of online bullying, personal attacks, and unmeritorious insults.

Oddly enough, McLaughin's quip that Hernandez was in "midseason form" actually was correct after all: the umpire correctly ruled a borderline pitch out of the strike zone and it is statistically true that umpires tend to get most calls right.

Video as follows:

2021 MLB Spring Training Umpire Roster

Major League Baseball published its 2021 Spring Training Umpire roster with 76 MLB and 21 MiLB call-up umpires for a total of 97 officials assigned to spring games in Arizona's Cactus and Florida's Grapefruit Leagues.

This represents one more umpire than 2020's MLB Spring Training roster of 96 officials, and a return to the 2019 MLB Spring roster's level of 97 umpires, but is more than 2018 (91 umps) and less than 2017 (102 umps).

The following list features sleeve numbers for all umpires who have them is categorized by MLB staff vs MiLB invitees and fill-in personnel. As of Spring's start, all but one 2020 call-up umpire appears on the 2021 Spring Training list, with one promotion to the full-time staff to fill one vacancy, and the addition of several triple-digit umpires to the invitees & call-ups list.

Umpires in bold are new to the Spring Training list and may receive formal uniform number assignments later this Spring. A sleeve number for a minor league umpire/invitee signifies that this umpire is qualified to work MLB regular season games. Regular season crew chiefs are italicized. Observations follow the list.

MLB Spring Training Umpires' Roster - 2021 Pre-Season

MLB Staff	MLB Staff	MiLB Invitees & Call-Ups
Baker, Jordan 71 Barksdale, Lance 23 Barrett, Lance 16 Barrett, Ted 65 Barry, Scott 87 Bellino, Dan 2 Blakney, Ryan 36 Blaser, Cory 89 Bucknor, CB 54 Carapazza, Vic 19 Carlson, Mark 6 Conroy, Chris 98 Culbreth, Fieldin 25 Cuzzi, Phil 10 Danley, Kerwin 44 Davis, Gerry 12 De Jesus, Ramon 18 Diaz, Laz 63 Drake, Rob 30 Dreckman, Bruce 1 Eddings, Doug 88 Emmel, Paul 50 Estabrook, Mike 83 Fairchild, Chad 4 Fletcher, Andy 49 Foster, Marty 60 Gibson, Greg 53 Gibson, Tripp 73 Gonzalez, Manny 79 Gorman, Brian 9 Guccione, Chris 68 Hallion, Tom 20 Hamari, Adam 78 Hernandez, Angel 5 Hickox, Ed 15 Hoberg, Pat 31 Holbrook, Sam 34 Hoye, James 92	Hudson, Marvin 51 Iassogna, Dan 58 Johnson, Adrian 80 Knight, Brian 91 Kulpa, Ron 46 Layne, Jerry 24 Lentz, Nic 59 Little, Will 93 Marquez, Alfonso 72 Meals, Jerry 41 Miller, Bill 26 Morales, Gabe 47 Muchlinski, Mike 76 Nauert, Paul 39 Nelson, Jeff 45 O'Nora, Brian 7 Porter, Alan 64 Rackley, David 86 Randazzo, Tony 11 Rehak, Jeremie 35 Reyburn, D.J. 17 Reynolds Jim 77 Ripperger, Mark 90 Scheurwater, Stu 85 Segal, Chris 96 Tichenor, Todd 13 Timmons, Tim 95 Torres, Carlos 37 Tumpane, John 74 Vanover, Larry 27 Visconti, Jansen 52 Wegner, Mark 14 Welke, Bill 3 Wendelstedt, Hunter 21 West, Joe 22 Whitson, Chad 62 Wolcott, Quinn 81 Wolf, Jim 28	Additon, Ryan 67 Bacchus, Erich 101 Bacon, John 70 Barber, Sean 29 Beck, Adam 102 Ceja, Nestor 103 Clemons, Paul 104 Libka, John 84 Livensparger, Shane 43 Mahrley, Nick 48 May, Ben 97 McCrady, Kyle 106 Miller, Brennan 55 Moore, Malachi 108 Moscoso, Edwin 109 Navas, Jose 110 Ortiz, Roberto 40 Riggs, Jeremy 112 Tosi, Alex 66 Valentine, Junior 115 Wills, Ryan 118 (21 MiLB Umpires) (76 MLB Umpires) (97 Total Umpires) Information obtained by UEFL on 2/28/2021. www.closecallsports.com

Some observations, year-over-year:

• > 2021's roster of 21 MiLBU is comprised of 11 triple-digit and 10 regular call-up umpires.
• > 2014-2020 call-up umpire Tom Woodring (489 MLB games) was not included on the list.
• > Many other MiLBU will have the opportunity to officiate a few MLB Spring games, but only those on this list are a part of the formal full-time Spring staff.
• > 32-year veteran umpire Mike Winters has retired.
• > 33-year-old umpire Jeremie Rehak has been hired.

Officiating on the Big Screen - Major League

Tmac makes his Officiating on the Big Screen debut with an analysis of the umpires that appear in the movie Major League. From uniforms to mechanics, timing, disappearing umps, and more, this film has a little bit of everything and ultimately culminates in what could possibly be the oddest home plate umpiring performance in big league history, complete with sleight of hand and a bevy of oversold safe calls.

Officiating on the Big Screen is the new-for-2021 series on CloseCallSports.com that features commentary and criticism on depictions of referees and umpires in movies, TV shows, and other cultural media. If you have a suggestion for what we should review next, leave a comment.

Video as follows:

Real World Rules - Teachable Moment Passes to Life

Nary one week after our recent Tmac's Teachable Moment for Passing Runners in Anytown, USA, a similar grand slam caper turned into a real life UEFL Curse as TMU found itself guilty of a base-running infraction against Cumberland in Georgia.

Play: With two outs and the bases loaded (R1 Mikal Mascarello, R2 Andrew Johnston, R3 Josh Johnston), Truett McConnell University batter Ethan Roberts hit what appeared to be a home run. Replays indicate that, similar to our Teachable, one runner stopped short of touching home plate before a following runner continued jogging and did touch home plate. In this case, it was R3 who failed to touch home plate as R2 followed by touching home plate to complete his own baserunning journey.

Analysis: Cumberland University's box score indicates Josh Johnston, TMU's runner on third base, was called out on appeal for failing to touch a base, but this cannot possibly be accurate under the NCAA/college ruleset pursuant to Rule 8-6-b, which, just like professional baseball's OBR, requires the appeal be lodged while the ball is live or (in this case) has been put back into play.

Thus, we know it was not an appeal. Here's what else it could be:

Runners Passing (Teachable): Under OBR 5.09(b)(9), a runner is out when—"he passes a preceding runner before such runner is out," so R1 is out for passing R2 even though it appears R2 caused the passing to occur ("A runner may be deemed to have passed a preceding (i.e., lead) runner based on his actions or the actions of a preceding runner"). There is no greater example of a runner passing another runner than when a lead runner fails to reach a base, only for a following runner to then arrive at and touch that same base.

Abandonment: Home plate provides a unique circumstance for abandonment since a runner is not obliged to stay on home plate, as they would at another base such as second or third. In this instance, a runner may be called for abandonment at home plate when the runner clearly starts for the dugout and the catcher would be required to chase the offensive player during a live ball.

Because the Cumberland-TMU play involved a dead ball, this portion of abandonment's interpretation does not apply.

Instead, we consult the MLB Umpire Manual (similar interpretation for NCAA), which states that an infraction has occurred (all else equal [e.g., assuming no runners other than R3 were entitled to home plate, as would be the case on a dead ball, one-base award]) only when R3 enters the dugout without having completed his base-running responsibility.

With no other runners, R3, by rule, still has the opportunity to correct his baserunning error prior to the first of either A) entering the dugout or B) the ball being put back into play, upon which the defense could appeal the missed base.

Naturally, in this situation, we know the circumstance of runners passing has occurred by virtue of R2 clearly touching home plate while R3's attempt to touch home plate, as it were, came up noticeably short. Thus, R3 had not yet abandoned his base-running responsibility at the time of R2 touching home plate, but R2's touch of home plate did constitute tangible confirmation that R2 had passed R3 on the bases; thus, R2 is out for passing and R3's run shall not count because in order for R2 to have passed R3, we must presume that R3 had not yet scored (e.g., R3 never made it to home plate). Thus, there is no fourth out appeal situation to be had.

In short, R3 is not out for abandonment solely because R2 passed him first, and R2's out was the final out of the inning. Because R2 passed R3 prior to R3 either entering the dugout or returning to complete the final (short) leg of his running of the bases, the third out of the inning caused by the runner passing precedes any potential abandonment or missed base touch situation.

Video as follows:

Podcast - Tending the Taps with Tim Tschida

Retired MLB crew chief Tim Tschida joins The Plate Meeting podcast to talk about his time as a Major League umpire, his journey to the show, memorable games and ejections, and development of his distinctive strike call. Tschida also answers your questions in this in-depth interview and conversation.

The Plate Meeting Podcast is now in its third season and we hope the 2021 baseball year will prove more optimistic and healthy for all umpires, and feature more opportunities for traveling umpires to make use of our episodes while on the road.

Listen to this show by clicking the play button on the following player or by visiting the link, below. You can also download The Plate Meeting podcast through providers such as Apple Podcasts, Google, Spotify, and more.

Alternate Link: Episode 27 - Tending the Taps with Tim Tschida (CCS on Anchor).

Videos
MIN@CAL - Twins pitcher Joe Niekro is ejected by Tschida's crew for doctoring the baseball.

Frank Robinson takes on Mike Scioscia over illegal substance, Tschida as home plate umpire.

Related: Tschida as a crew chief presides over Jose Peralta's ejection for a similar offense.

Game 4 of the 1999 ALCS (Yankees @ Red Sox inning ending double play / Jose Offerman).

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The Plate Meeting, a Left Field Umpire Podcast is the official audio program of Close Call Sports, where we talk umpiring with umpires, including analysis or other conversation pertaining to plays, ejections, rules, and more.

It is brought to you by Out West Officials, get your gear at https://www.outwestofficials.com/.

And by OSIP, where Outstanding Sportsmanship is Paramount.

Follow us on Twitter 🐦 (@CloseCallSports) and like on Facebook 👍 (/CloseCallSports).

Teachable - Passing Runners in Anytown, USA

In this Teachable Moment, tmac reviews a travel baseball play that can happen anywhere. Passing Runners in Anytown, USA features a grand slam wherein the excited baserunners start celebrating and swarm their batter-runner before three of the four runners touches home plate. What's an umpire to do: is there an appeal to be made or are all outs automatic in this situation?

First and foremost, we note that the rules are substantially similar across all levels of baseball: the largest difference is that, in the case of an appeal, NFHS (high school) allows for dead ball appeals whereas at the upper levels NCAA/OBR, the ball must be live during an appeal.

That said, we see that during this home run, preceding/lead runner R3 runs to and touches home plate: his run will count regardless of this play's outcome, as the batter-runner will run to and touch first base.

R2, however, stops short of home plate and waits to celebrate with his teammates, inadvertently causing R1 to pass him. Under OBR 5.09(b)(9), a runner is out when—"he passes a preceding runner before such runner is out," so R1 is out for passing R2 even though it appears R2 caused the passing to occur ("A runner may be deemed to have passed a preceding (i.e., lead) runner based on his actions or the actions of a preceding runner").

Next, the batter-runner passes R1 in a similar fashion, so BR is also out for passing a preceding runner. If there was one out to begin play (or two outs), the inning would already be over at this point: R3's run counts and BR is credited with a one-RBI hit.

If there were zero outs to begin play, however, that leaves R2 as the only baserunner on the field who hasn't yet scored and who hasn't yet been declared out. If R2 continues to the dugout without touching home plate (as is the case here), his run shall count and play continues with two outs. The defense, naturally, can then exercise Official Baseball Rule 5.09(c)(2) [or lower level equivalent] and appeal R2's failure to touch home plate to both nullify the run and pick up an inning-ending third out ("he fails to touch each base in order before he, or a missed base, is tagged"). Note that once R2 returns to the dugout, it is too late for him to return to correct his triple play-inducing error.

Video as follows:

Mike Winters Retires Following 2020 Opt-Out

Veteran Major League umpire and Crew Chief Mike Winters officially retired following a 32-career in the NL and MLB. Having begun his professional baseball journey in 1982's Northwest League, Winters worked his first National League game as a call-up from the Pacific Coast League in 1988, joining the NL two years thereafter.

Winters officiated three Wild Card Games, 11 Division Series, six League Championship Series, and four World Series, ejecting 108 players, coaches, and mangers from his first ejection of the late Tommy Lasorda in 1989 to his final ejection of Mickey Callaway in 2019.

When Major League Baseball considered its options for its COVID-modified 2020 season, it offered options to some senior umpires on the staff to sit out the year with pay. The Southern California-based Winters, aged 61 at the time, took the opt-out, making his final career game August 4, 2019. News of Winters' retirement was first announced by MLBUA.

MLB filled the staff vacancy caused by Winters' retirement by hiring Jeremie Rehak, first announced in December 2020. As we wrote at the time, "Not many winters go by with excess staff on payroll."

Related Post: MLB Hires Jeremie Rehak to Full-Time Umpire Staff (12/23/20).