Teachable - Touched Starved at TMU Appeal Play

For the second time this college season, TMU Baseball fell victim to their own baserunning folly as a player failed to touch home plate during a home run trot leading to a defensive appeal and out call. In this Teachable, tmac looks at umpire responsibility during a home run in which the home plate umpire rotates up to third base.

From audio of the Truett McConnell University broadcaster in the press box to the umpire reminding the catcher they must first put the ball back into play before executing the appeal, pursuant to Official Baseball Rule 5.09(c)'s requirement regarding appeal timing, this video is yet another example—deja vu, even—of a missed base appeal play.

The primary difference between this play and the runners passing teachable come to life play in February is that the offending runner in this play actually arrived at (and stepped over) home plate, whereas the February runner failed to even approach home plate. Thus, an appeal is the proper course of action here whereas the February play was subject to a consideration of passing (which occurred prior to abandonment).

Related Post: Real World Rules - Teachable Moment Passes to Life (2/12/21).

Video as follows:

MLB Announces Experimental MiLB Rules for 2021 Season

MLB issued a press release formally announcing several experimental rules for Minor League Baseball's 2021 season, splitting up the tests by level of play such that Low-A through Triple-A will each try out different changes this summer.

Citing fan preferences—"We are listening to our fans" according to MLB Senior VP of On-Field Operations Michael Hill—MLB announced the following changes for MiLB in 2021, a new-look minor league system after MLB restructured its entire operation during last year's extended offseason and the end of its last agreement with the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues, as elucidated in the BallPark Digest article "RIP Minor League Baseball: 1901-2020" in which MLB's plan to eliminate up to 42 teams is revealed.

And when teams go away, so too do the umpires who would have been assigned to those games.

As for the 2021 MiLB experiments, by level, they are as follows:

> Triple-A: Larger Bases, from 15 to 18 square inches, which corresponds to a 44% in base size. MLB cites a desire to reduce player injuries and collisions; this is not the first time MLB discussed increasing base size for that purpose and tested this in the Atlantic League in 2019.

Related Post: Atlantic League Debuts New Rules, E-Zone (7/10/19).

> Double-A: Defensive Position restrictions, e.g., elimination of the shift, also from the 2019 Atlantic Lg.

> High-A: Step Off Rule requires pitchers disengage rubber prior to throwing to a base or face the penalty of a balk. This is another Atlantic League innovation from 2019.

> Low-A: Limit pitcher step/pick offs to two per plate appearance. After that, a third pickoff attempt during the same plate appearance that does not retire a runner will result in a balk call.

> Low-A Southeast: Implementation of Automated Ball-Strike System (ABS), the robot/electronic strike zone technology previously seen in the Atlantic League.

> Low-A West: Various pace of play initiatives, such as pitch clock time limit enforcement/new rules.

MLB announced it implemented the new rules "consistent with the preferences of our fans," who took to twitter shortly thereafter to express their dissatisfaction with the news by writing things such as "Fire Manfred into the sun" and "The only thing MLB hates more than baseball is baseball fans."

Video as follows:

Runners Passing Nearly Turns to Lead Abandonment

A runners passing situation during Tuesday's Spring Training game between the Red Sox and Rays in Florida led umpires to declare Tampa Bay baserunner Nathan Lukes out for passing Vidal Brujan, who nearly abandoned his running of the bases and could have been called for a second out on the play. What happened?

Play: With one out and two on (R2 Lukes, R3 Brujan), Rays batter Brett Sullivan took a called fourth ball, drawing a walk. R3 Brujan, who apparently thought the bases were loaded, started jogging toward home plate as Boston alertly trapped Brujan in a rundown, with R2 Lukes hustling to third base. As Red Sox pitcher John Schreiber ran R3 Brujan back to third base, a runners passing situation occurred, identified by 3B Umpire and Crew Chief Sam Holbrook, who declared R2 Lukes out. After confusion, during which Brujan ran back to and entered the Tampa Bay dugout, Brujan was returned to third base, Lukes declared out, and batter-runner Sullivan placed at second base.

Rules: Runners passing occurs when a trailing runner fully passes a preceding runner. According to Official Baseball Rule 5.09(b)(9), which states that a runner is out when "he passes a preceding runner before such runner is out," it doesn't exactly matter who physically passed whom; in all cases, it is the trail who is out: "A runner may be deemed to have passed a preceding (i.e., lead) runner based on his actions or the actions of a preceding runner."

As far as abandonment is concerned—seeing as Brujan clearly ran to and entered the Rays dugout—OBR 5.09(b)(2) states that a runner is out when the runner leaves the base path, "obviously abandoning his effort to touch the next base." The example play is as follows: "PLAY—Runner believing he is called out on a tag at first or third base starts for the dugout and progresses a reasonable distance still indicating by his actions that he is out, shall be declared out for abandoning the bases."

Analysis: So why wasn't this a double play? In the end, Brujan may have been saved by a combination of two factors: First, it's Spring Training and a certainly leniency exists in March that would not in, say, July. Second, 3B Umpire Holbrook appeared to call "Time" before declaring Lukes out for passing.

That "Time" call makes abandonment a little trickier, as during a dead ball situation, runners similarly have a bit more lenience before abandonment sets in. That said....Brujan did enter the dugout, and unless it was for the purposes of uniform repair, it would be reasonable to believe he did so because he had abandoned his base-running role, or, as OBR 5.09(b)(2) PLAY states, because Brujan believed he had been "called out."

Lessons Learned: First, even when players don't know the rules, umpires must maintain both knowledge and awareness. In this situation, R3 Brujan did not know his entitlement to third base, but U3 Holbrook did.

However, the second part of our lesson is patience. Keep the ball alive and in play unless all action has ceased or as otherwise prescribed by rule. For the purposes of this play, runners passing is a simple out declaration: it is not a reason to call "Time" while the ball is loose and other action is taking place. But if "Time" is going to be called, erroneously or otherwise, that moves the goalpost for other calls, such as abandonment: "Time" kills the play and certain events—such as runners advancing—simply cannot occur during a dead ball (unless part of a base award).

That said, an umpire is empowered by Rule 8.02(c) to place runners as if the reversed call had never been made, disregarding events that may have occurred after the call-to-be-reversed: "If the umpires consult after a play and change a call that had been made, then they have the authority to take all steps that they may deem necessary, in their discretion, to eliminate the results and consequences of the earlier call that they are reversing." In this case, abandonment occurred after the "Time" call and may have been reversed pursuant to OBR 8.02(c).

Wrap: Boston Red Sox vs. Tampa Bay Rays (Spring Training), 3/9/21 | Video as follows:

2021 UEFL Call for Appeals Board Nominations

Hello, and welcome back to the Umpire Ejection Fantasy League for 2021. We begin preparations for the 2021 season by soliciting nominations for the UEFL Appeals Board vacancy that was created by the resignation of MLB Umpire Observer.

UEFL Rule 6-4-a prescribes the creation of an Appeals Board to rule on contested issues that may arise throughout the season, and delineates the process through which this Board's membership is selected. As of March 2021, this nine-person Board has one vacancy, which shall be filled via pre-season nomination and election.

Any visitor, guest, or user is eligible to serve on the Appeals Board; league participation is not required. Membership on the Appeals Board is a voluntary position and subject to a one-year term with no term limits. If you are interested in nominating yourself for this at-large Appeals Board vacancy, please consider the following requirements:

➤ Ability to separate subjectivity from objective analysis;

➤ Extensive rules knowledge or ability to attain exceptional proficiency;

➤ Acceptance of prior and willingness to form UEFL precedent and rule interpretations;

➤ Ability to objectively and thoroughly analyze plays to determine, among others, Quality of Correctness;

➤ Availability to respond to the "Office of the UEFL Commissioner" in a timely fashion;

➤ Board members must abstain from ruling on plays involving drafted umpires (if applicable).

Example of Appeals Board work: 2020 Appeals Board page on the UEFL Portal.

Permanent Appeals Board members: Gil Imber (Commissioner, Chair), Tim McCaffrey/tmac (Ast), Jeremy Dircks (Deputy), RichMSN (Charter Member).  

Appeals Board re-elected via 2020 Rules Summit: Arik G, cyclone14, jvick2017, MarkCanada.

Vacancy: Seat 9 [1 vacancy].

Appeals Board Nomination, Election, and UEFL 2021 Season Registration Timeline:

March 8, 2021 (Monday): Appeals Board nominations opened.

March 18, 2021 (Thursday): Appeals Board nominations closed.

March 19, 2021 (Friday): Appeals Board voting begins, UEFL Registration & Draft begins.

March 31, 2021 (Wednesday): Voting ends, UEFL registration/draft ends. Board, rosters are set.

To submit your candidacy for the UEFL Appeals Board vacancy, [nominations closed]. Be sure to include the following information:

> Username (what you'd like to be called in Appeals Board decisions);

> Real name (username may or may not be your real name, privacy is a reasonable request);

> Preferred e-mail address (presumably the address you are using to send your e-mail);

> Have you participated in the UEFL before?

> Qualifications and/or candidate statement (500 characters maximum).

Ask UEFL - Batter Interferes with Uncaught Third Strike

In this Ask the UEFL play from a UConn-Virginia NCAA baseball game, we look at a batter who inadvertently kicks an uncaught third strike, whether that qualifies as interference, and, if so, what the call should be for any runners attempting to steal during the play.

The Play begins with one out, a runner on first (R1), and a 2-2 count on the batter from the University of Connecticut. With R1 running on the pitch, the batter swings and misses on a pitch that winds up in the dirt and, as it bounces in front of the catcher, the batter begins running toward first base. While still in the batter's box, the batter's left foot inadvertently kicks the ball as the catcher tries to retrieve it; the runner slides into second base ahead of the tag.

The Call: With less than two out and first base occupied to begin the play, our HP Umpire emphatically gestures that the batter is out while the 2B Umpire calls the runner safe for having slid into the base before the tag. The result of the play is two out, R2.

The Rule: Even though the pitch resulted in an uncaught third strike, the batter is out because first base was occupied at the beginning of the play with less than two out (Official Baseball Rule 5.09(a)(3) ["batter is out when—a third strike is not caught by the catcher when first base is occupied before two are out"] / NCAA 7-11-g ["a third strike is not caught, provided a runner occupies first base and there is not more than one out"] / NFHS 7.4.1.b ["a third strike is not caught, provided a runner occupies first base and there are less than two out"]).

But what of the batter's unintentional, inadvertent kick of the loose ball?

NCAA Baseball released a series of "Major Rules Changes" prior to the 2021 season; "Batter interference - dropped third strike" is one of them. The new note for NCAA Rule 7-11-h states that "After a third strike that is not caught by the catcher and the batter-runner clearly hinders the catcher in the catcher's attempt to field the ball, the batter-runner is out, the ball is dead, and all other runners return to the bases they occupied at the time of the pitch regardless of the number of outs. If the pitched ball deflects off the catcher or umpire and subsequently touches the batter-runner, it is not considered interference unless, in the judgment of the umpire, the batter-runer clearly hinders the catcher in their attempt to field the ball, regardless the number of outs."

One thing that is important to note here is that the batter, by virtue of being out pursuant to NCAA 7-11-g, is not a batter-runner...but does that change things?

Rule 6-3-b relates squarely to the batter: "The ball becomes dead and base runners return when—The batter interferes with the catcher’s fielding or throwing by stepping out of the batter's box or making any other movement that hinders the catcher's play at home base."

Which sounds like the batter is out and R1 returns, right? Well, not so fast, as we continue reading into 6-3-b: "PENALTIES for b.—(2) If the batter strikes out, the runner is also out."

This is corroborated by NCAA Rule 7-11-f-EXCEPTION-3, which states in the case of a batter intentionally or unintentionally interfering with the catcher's fielding or throwing ("making any other movement that hinders a defensive player's action at home plate"), "If the batter also should strike out on the play, it is a double play."

Ruling: The batter is out on an uncaught third strike with first base occupied and less than two out. R1 is also out, for the batter having struck out because now the interference on a dropped third strike is no longer by a batter-runner, but by a retired batter. The batter cannot be doubly out for the uncaught third strike with first base occupied and less than two out AND for interference, so the interference puts out the runner attempting to steal, R1.

Video as follows:

Ask UEFL - Runner Tagged Out After Base on Balls?

Saturday's Clemson-South Carolina NCAA baseball game prompted an Ask the UEFL feature when 2B Umpire Scott Kennedy ruled Tigers baserunner Dylan Brewer out at second base during a base-on-balls play: the correct call, despite the walk's associated base award.

Our analysis of this play begins with reference to precedent, a similar 2017 play in Seattle we turned into a Case Play at the time. The situation was remarkably identical: none out, one on (R1) running with the pitch, and a 3-2 count on the batter. In both situations, the defense attempts to retire R1 as the catcher throws to second as the plate umpire rules the pitch ball four.

During the Seattle sequence, 2B Umpire Laz Diaz presided over Mariners baserunner Jean Segura's arrival, who like Brewer was a runner on first base running on a 3-2 count, ruled ball four by HP Umpire Cory Blaser and affirmed as "no swing" by 1B Umpire Jeff Nelson. Just as with Clemson's Brewer, Segura runs past second base, but unlike SCar-Clemson's Kennedy, 2B Umpire Diaz does not declare Segura out.

The reason Diaz no-called Seattle's play while Kennedy called Clemson's runner out is actually quite simple: In the Clemson game, the defense clearly tagged the runner while the runner was both off his base and after the runner had already passed second base; in Seattle, Astros second baseman Jose Altuve did not actually tag Segura past second base despite Segura being clearly off his base: this is not abandonment at this point (Segura did eventually return to second base, after all), and, with no continued tag attempt, this is not an out of the base path call either.

Related Post: Case Play 2017-2 - Stealing an Extended Walk [Solved] (4/11/17).

Instead, we rely on plain old Official Baseball Rule 5.09(b)(4) ("any runner is out when—he is tagged, when the ball is alive, while off his base"). The NCAA equivalent is 8-5-i and the only difference between the OBR and NCAA language is that college's rule is gender-inclusive: "The individual is touched by the ball (when not dead) securely held in the hand or glove of a fielder while the runner is not touching the base."

That said, we know that a runner is protected from liability to be put out on a base award, such as a walk (OBR 5.05(b)(1) / NCAA 2-2, 8-2-b), so the tag of Brewer's helmet is rather meaningless: ball four precludes the stolen base attempt and turns it into a base award. Instead, the question becomes at what point at or around the awarded base does the runner lose their "without liability to be put out" protection?

For instance, OBR 5.05(b)(1) Comment states, "If, in advancing, the base runner thinks there is a play and he slides past the base before or after touching it he may be put out by the fielder tagging him." So what does "past" actually mean?

The answer, it turns out, is found in the MLB Umpire Manual for "passing a base" which is a view shared by college: "A runner is considered to have passed a base if he has both feet on the ground beyond the back edge of the base or beyond the edge of the base in the direction to which he is advancing." Also see the linked article regarding Past or Prior for an in-depth discussion of the rationale and ramifications of this rule/interpretation.

NCAA's inclusive language in 8-6-a-3 is as follows: "A runner is considered to have passed a base if the player has both feet on the ground beyond the back edge of the base or beyond the edge of the base in the direction in which the player is advancing." Both OBR and NCAA use the same diagram regarding prior/past: they agree on the rule.

Related Post: Past or Prior - Deciding When a Runner Has Passed a Base (7/1/17).

Putting it all together, we determine that Clemson R1 Brewer passed second base and, thus, lost his protection from liability to be put out while off of the base. As such, as soon as he was tagged while off his base, 2B Umpire Kennedy was proper in both keeping play alive and in his declaration of "out" notwithstanding the 3B Coach's distraction at third base.

Accordingly, refrain from prematurely calling "Time" during a non-HBP base on balls sequence. NCAA's guide on this is delineated by Rule 6-1-Note 2, which states, "The umpire shall not call time until a play has been completed. After a base on balls, the umpire shall not call time until the runner has stopped at first base."

Video as follows:

MLB Promotes Veteran Umpire Mark Carlson to Crew Chief

Major League Baseball promoted veteran umpire Mark Carlson to the role of Crew Chief ahead of its 2021 season, filling the vacancy created by Mike Winters' retirement. Having most recently officiated the 2020 World Series, including a Game 7 plate assignment had the series gone the distance, Carlson takes 22 years of big league games and a healthy dose of regular season interim crew chief experience with him to his new supervisory role.

Named one of seven interim crew chiefs for MLB's COVID-modified 2020 season alongside Laz Diaz, Angel Hernandez, Marvin Hudson, Ron Kulpa, Paul Nauert, and Bill Welke, the Illinois-born Carlson was the only umpire of the group to serve as a Crew Chief for the Division Series round of the 2020 postseason (Diaz, Hernandez, Hudson, and Kulpa all officiated the Division Series, but only Carlson served as a crew chief [he was Hudson's chief for ALDS Series A: Tampa vs New York]).

Related Post: MLB Names 7 Interim Crew Chiefs for 2020 (7/23/20).

Carlson's regular season umpiring crew for 2021 is slated to include James Hoye, Jordan Baker, and Chris Segal, but due to pandemic-related restrictions, crews may begin the season regionally, which might alter league-wide crew composition.

Angel Hernandez Trends on Day 1 of Spring as Sports Toxicity Returns to 2021 Season

Umpire Angel Hernandez trended on Twitter on Day 1 of Spring Training, receiving a flurry of vitriol and criticism after St. Louis Cardinals broadcaster Dan McLaughlin took issue with a ball/strike call that turned out to be correct, according to the computerized graphical strike zone the media generally enjoys referring to when an umpire's call is at odds with a team's preference.

The controversial call occurred during the top of the 1st inning of St. Louis' game against the Washington Nationals when Hernandez ruled a 1-1 pitch from Jack Flaherty low for ball two, a call that appeared to be supported by computerized graphics in use by MLB's own website.

AH called Pitch #3 a ball.

Nonetheless, Hernandez's correct call elicited a barrage of personal tweets from baseball fandom attacking the veteran umpire—in the top of the first inning, of the first game of spring.

As we have noted time and time again using the article label "Umpire Abuse," the sports world suffers from severe issues, including a harmful cultural attitude toward its officials.

In Hernandez's case, the existence of a lawsuit filed against Major League Baseball alleging discrimination based on race and national origin complicates matters in a way that compounds the abuse he, as an umpire, receives.

For instance, the consequence and character of Hernandez's pitch call in the first inning Sunday—very likely his first borderline call of 2021—in no way corresponded to the level of backlash he received (online...in the stadium, there was no such negative reaction). In other words, Hernandez's history influenced what occurred virtually, and largely for reasons previously discussed.

Hernandez, through his audacity in attempting to challenge a potentially oppressive system that sees a tremendous underrepresentation of Latino umpires relative to players (27% Latino players / 5% Latino umpires at the time of Hernandez's 2017 filing), or Crew Chiefs outright (0% Latino crew chiefs at the time of his filing), has drawn the scorn of a sports world not ready to reconcile a potentially uncomfortable reality that marginalization exists.

And for the crime of standing up for himself, it hardly comes as a surprise that Hernandez remains a favorite target of online bullying, personal attacks, and unmeritorious insults.

Oddly enough, McLaughin's quip that Hernandez was in "midseason form" actually was correct after all: the umpire correctly ruled a borderline pitch out of the strike zone and it is statistically true that umpires tend to get most calls right.

Video as follows:

2021 MLB Spring Training Umpire Roster

Major League Baseball published its 2021 Spring Training Umpire roster with 76 MLB and 21 MiLB call-up umpires for a total of 97 officials assigned to spring games in Arizona's Cactus and Florida's Grapefruit Leagues.

This represents one more umpire than 2020's MLB Spring Training roster of 96 officials, and a return to the 2019 MLB Spring roster's level of 97 umpires, but is more than 2018 (91 umps) and less than 2017 (102 umps).

The following list features sleeve numbers for all umpires who have them is categorized by MLB staff vs MiLB invitees and fill-in personnel. As of Spring's start, all but one 2020 call-up umpire appears on the 2021 Spring Training list, with one promotion to the full-time staff to fill one vacancy, and the addition of several triple-digit umpires to the invitees & call-ups list.

Umpires in bold are new to the Spring Training list and may receive formal uniform number assignments later this Spring. A sleeve number for a minor league umpire/invitee signifies that this umpire is qualified to work MLB regular season games. Regular season crew chiefs are italicized. Observations follow the list.

MLB Spring Training Umpires' Roster - 2021 Pre-Season

MLB Staff	MLB Staff	MiLB Invitees & Call-Ups
Baker, Jordan 71 Barksdale, Lance 23 Barrett, Lance 16 Barrett, Ted 65 Barry, Scott 87 Bellino, Dan 2 Blakney, Ryan 36 Blaser, Cory 89 Bucknor, CB 54 Carapazza, Vic 19 Carlson, Mark 6 Conroy, Chris 98 Culbreth, Fieldin 25 Cuzzi, Phil 10 Danley, Kerwin 44 Davis, Gerry 12 De Jesus, Ramon 18 Diaz, Laz 63 Drake, Rob 30 Dreckman, Bruce 1 Eddings, Doug 88 Emmel, Paul 50 Estabrook, Mike 83 Fairchild, Chad 4 Fletcher, Andy 49 Foster, Marty 60 Gibson, Greg 53 Gibson, Tripp 73 Gonzalez, Manny 79 Gorman, Brian 9 Guccione, Chris 68 Hallion, Tom 20 Hamari, Adam 78 Hernandez, Angel 5 Hickox, Ed 15 Hoberg, Pat 31 Holbrook, Sam 34 Hoye, James 92	Hudson, Marvin 51 Iassogna, Dan 58 Johnson, Adrian 80 Knight, Brian 91 Kulpa, Ron 46 Layne, Jerry 24 Lentz, Nic 59 Little, Will 93 Marquez, Alfonso 72 Meals, Jerry 41 Miller, Bill 26 Morales, Gabe 47 Muchlinski, Mike 76 Nauert, Paul 39 Nelson, Jeff 45 O'Nora, Brian 7 Porter, Alan 64 Rackley, David 86 Randazzo, Tony 11 Rehak, Jeremie 35 Reyburn, D.J. 17 Reynolds Jim 77 Ripperger, Mark 90 Scheurwater, Stu 85 Segal, Chris 96 Tichenor, Todd 13 Timmons, Tim 95 Torres, Carlos 37 Tumpane, John 74 Vanover, Larry 27 Visconti, Jansen 52 Wegner, Mark 14 Welke, Bill 3 Wendelstedt, Hunter 21 West, Joe 22 Whitson, Chad 62 Wolcott, Quinn 81 Wolf, Jim 28	Additon, Ryan 67 Bacchus, Erich 101 Bacon, John 70 Barber, Sean 29 Beck, Adam 102 Ceja, Nestor 103 Clemons, Paul 104 Libka, John 84 Livensparger, Shane 43 Mahrley, Nick 48 May, Ben 97 McCrady, Kyle 106 Miller, Brennan 55 Moore, Malachi 108 Moscoso, Edwin 109 Navas, Jose 110 Ortiz, Roberto 40 Riggs, Jeremy 112 Tosi, Alex 66 Valentine, Junior 115 Wills, Ryan 118 (21 MiLB Umpires) (76 MLB Umpires) (97 Total Umpires) Information obtained by UEFL on 2/28/2021. www.closecallsports.com

Some observations, year-over-year:

• > 2021's roster of 21 MiLBU is comprised of 11 triple-digit and 10 regular call-up umpires.
• > 2014-2020 call-up umpire Tom Woodring (489 MLB games) was not included on the list.
• > Many other MiLBU will have the opportunity to officiate a few MLB Spring games, but only those on this list are a part of the formal full-time Spring staff.
• > 32-year veteran umpire Mike Winters has retired.
• > 33-year-old umpire Jeremie Rehak has been hired.

Officiating on the Big Screen - Major League

Tmac makes his Officiating on the Big Screen debut with an analysis of the umpires that appear in the movie Major League. From uniforms to mechanics, timing, disappearing umps, and more, this film has a little bit of everything and ultimately culminates in what could possibly be the oddest home plate umpiring performance in big league history, complete with sleight of hand and a bevy of oversold safe calls.

Officiating on the Big Screen is the new-for-2021 series on CloseCallSports.com that features commentary and criticism on depictions of referees and umpires in movies, TV shows, and other cultural media. If you have a suggestion for what we should review next, leave a comment.

Video as follows: